最近复习了一下JDK自带的动态代理,在Java技术中,和动态代理连接最紧密的就是Spring中的AOP,所谓的面向切面技术。
静态代理
代理模式
根据此UML类图可以写出如下代码
interface Subject{ //UML图中的Subject
void sayHelloWorld();
}
class RealSubject implements Subject{ //UML图中RealSubject
@Override
public void sayHelloWorld(){
System.out.println("HelloWorld");
}
}
class Proxy implements Subject{ //UML图中的Proxy
private Subject helloWorld;
public Proxy(Subject helloWorld) {
this.helloWorld = helloWorld;
}
@Override
public void sayHello(){
System.out.println("Proxy start");
helloWorld.sayHelloWorld();
System.out.println("Proxy end");
}
}
public class Main{ //客户端
public static void main(){
Subject helloWorld = new Subject();
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(helloWorld);
proxy.sayHello();
}
}
代理模式的作用就在于动态的给类添加功能。 现在假如有另一个类和接口,同样要实现在方法调用前打印start,方法结束后打印end,只能添加如下代码
interface SubjectT{
void sayHelloWorldT();
}
class RealSubjectT implements SubjectT{
@Override
public void sayHelloT(){
System.out.println("HelloWorldT");
}
}
class ProxyT implements SubjectT{
private SubjectT helloWorld;
Public Proxy(SubjectT helloWorld) {
this.helloWorld = helloWorld;
}
@Override
public void sayHello(){
System.out.println("Proxy start");
helloWorld.sayHelloWorldT();
System.out.println("Proxy end");
}
}
//客户端代码同理
所以若要给另一个接口添加相同的功能,需要程序员取另写实现类ProxyT,动态代理就是为了解决这个问题。
JDK动态代理
先来看一下代码,注意观察和静态代理方法的异同.
import java.lang.reflect.*;
interface Subject{ //同静态代理
void sayHelloWorld();
}
class RealSubject implements Subject{ //同静态代理
@Override
public void sayHelloWorld(){
System.out.println("HelloWorld");
}
}
interface SubjectT{
void sayHelloWorldT();
}
class RealSubjectT implements SubjectT{
@Override
public void sayHelloWorldT(){
System.out.println("HelloWorldT");
}
}
class InvokeProxy implements InvocationHandler{ //比较和Proxy的异处,两类不可类比
private Object object;
public InvokeProxy(Object object){
this.object = object;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable{
System.out.println("Proxy start");
return method.invoke(object, args);
}
}
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Subject realSubject = new RealSubject();
InvokeProxy invokeProxy = new InvokeProxy(realSubject);
Subject proxy = (Subject)Proxy.newProxyInstance(Subject.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {Subject.class}, invokeProxy);//此处proxy对比静态代理类中的proxy
proxy.sayHelloWorld();
SubjectT realSubjectT = new RealSubjectT();
InvokeProxy invokeProxyT = new InvokeProxy(realSubjectT);
SubjectT proxyT = (SubjectT)Proxy.newProxyInstance(SubjectT.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {SubjectT.class}, invokeProxyT);//proxyT 对比 proxyT
proxyT.sayHelloWorldT();
}
}
这样只需要写一个InvokeProxy来生成代理类,大大减少了程序猿的工作量。
原理
来看除了客户端之外的三个类, Subject, RealSubject, InvokeProxy,发现Subject和RealSubject同静态代理的代理,所以重点来看InvokeProxy和Main类。 Main类中有一行注释,生成的proxy可以对应静态代理中的proxy类,所以用如下方法将此类名打印出来,
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Subject realSubject = new RealSubject();
InvokeProxy invokeProxy = new InvokeProxy(realSubject);
Subject proxy = (Subject)Proxy.newProxyInstance(Subject.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {Subject.class}, invokeProxy);//此处 Proxy对比静态代理类中的proxy
System.out.println(proxy.getClass().getName());
proxy.sayHelloWorld();
}
}
输出的是一个"$Proxy0"的类,很明显这个类并不是代码中写的,是Java自己生成的。 所以来分析一下Proxy.newProxyInstance()函数,去看Proxy源码,额由于源码过长,这里精简一下。
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader classLoader, Class<?>[] interfaces, InvokcationHandler h){
//所有要实现的业务接口
final Class<?> intfs = interfaces.clone();
//寻找(从缓存中)或者生成代理类
Class<?> cl = getProxy(loader, intfs);
//通过Class获取Consturctor
Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
//通过Constructor返回代理类
return cons.newInstance(new Objcer[] {h});
}
下面来看一下生成字节码文件的代码
//不是太想贴,精简一下吧,一方面是因为懒,另一方面是没看太懂
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>... interfaces){
//如果缓存里面有,去缓存里面取,没有就生成,下面是生成的代码
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces);
//前面已经知道了类名叫"$Proxy0",所以下面直接得到这个class文件吧。
}
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.io.*;
import sun.misc.ProxyGenerator;
public class GetProxy{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
Subject subject = new RealSubject();
InvokeProxy invokeProxy = new InvokeProxy(subject);
Subject proxy = (Subject)Proxy.newProxyInstance(Subject.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {Subject.class}, invokeProxy);
byte[] bytes = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("$Proxy0", new Class[] {Subject.class});
File file = new File("/home/cat/Desktop/$Proxy0.class");
FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file);
output.write(bytes);
output.flush();
}
}
得到$Proxy0类之后,反编译看一下(什么,你问我怎么反编译,拖到IDEA里就可以了),贴代码了
public final class $Proxy0
extends Proxy
implements Subject
{
private static Method m1;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m0;
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
{
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject)
{
try
{
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final String toString()
{
try
{
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final void sayHelloWorld()
{
try
{
this.h.invoke(this, m3, null);
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final int hashCode()
{
try
{
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
static
{
try
{
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
m3 = Class.forName("Subject").getMethod("sayHelloWorld", new Class[0]);
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException)
{
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException)
{
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}
}
重点看SayHelloWorld方法
m3 = Class.forName("Subject").getMethod("sayHelloWorld", new Class[0]);
public final void sayHelloWorld()
{
try
{
this.h.invoke(this, m3, null);
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
可知调用了InvokeProxy.invoke($Proxy0, m3, null),回到InvokeProxy类。