最近复习了一下JDK自带的动态代理,在Java技术中,和动态代理连接最紧密的就是Spring中的AOP,所谓的面向切面技术。

静态代理

代理模式

根据此UML类图可以写出如下代码

interface Subject{  //UML图中的Subject
    void sayHelloWorld();
}

class RealSubject implements Subject{ //UML图中RealSubject
    @Override
    public void sayHelloWorld(){
        System.out.println("HelloWorld");
    }
}

class Proxy implements Subject{ //UML图中的Proxy
    private Subject helloWorld;
    public Proxy(Subject helloWorld) {
        this.helloWorld = helloWorld;
    }

    @Override
    public void sayHello(){
        System.out.println("Proxy start");
        helloWorld.sayHelloWorld();
        System.out.println("Proxy end");
    }
}

public class Main{ //客户端
    public static void main(){
        Subject helloWorld = new Subject();
        Proxy proxy = new Proxy(helloWorld);
        proxy.sayHello();
    }
}

代理模式的作用就在于动态的给类添加功能。 现在假如有另一个类和接口,同样要实现在方法调用前打印start,方法结束后打印end,只能添加如下代码

interface SubjectT{
    void sayHelloWorldT();
}

class RealSubjectT implements SubjectT{
    @Override
    public void sayHelloT(){
        System.out.println("HelloWorldT");
    }
}

class ProxyT implements SubjectT{
    private SubjectT helloWorld;
    Public Proxy(SubjectT helloWorld) {
        this.helloWorld = helloWorld;
    }

    @Override
    public void sayHello(){
        System.out.println("Proxy start");
        helloWorld.sayHelloWorldT();
        System.out.println("Proxy end");
    }
}
//客户端代码同理

所以若要给另一个接口添加相同的功能,需要程序员取另写实现类ProxyT,动态代理就是为了解决这个问题。

JDK动态代理

先来看一下代码,注意观察和静态代理方法的异同.

import java.lang.reflect.*;
interface Subject{  //同静态代理
    void sayHelloWorld();
}
class RealSubject implements Subject{ //同静态代理
    @Override
    public void sayHelloWorld(){
        System.out.println("HelloWorld");
    }
}
interface SubjectT{
    void sayHelloWorldT();
}
class RealSubjectT implements SubjectT{
    @Override
    public void sayHelloWorldT(){
        System.out.println("HelloWorldT");
    }
}

class InvokeProxy implements InvocationHandler{ //比较和Proxy的异处,两类不可类比
    private Object object;
    public InvokeProxy(Object object){
        this.object = object;
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable{
        System.out.println("Proxy start");
        return method.invoke(object, args);
    }
}

public class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Subject realSubject = new RealSubject();
        InvokeProxy invokeProxy = new InvokeProxy(realSubject);
        Subject proxy = (Subject)Proxy.newProxyInstance(Subject.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {Subject.class}, invokeProxy);//此处proxy对比静态代理类中的proxy
        proxy.sayHelloWorld();


        SubjectT realSubjectT = new RealSubjectT();
        InvokeProxy invokeProxyT = new InvokeProxy(realSubjectT);
        SubjectT proxyT = (SubjectT)Proxy.newProxyInstance(SubjectT.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {SubjectT.class}, invokeProxyT);//proxyT 对比 proxyT
        proxyT.sayHelloWorldT();
    }
}

这样只需要写一个InvokeProxy来生成代理类,大大减少了程序猿的工作量。

原理

来看除了客户端之外的三个类, Subject, RealSubject, InvokeProxy,发现Subject和RealSubject同静态代理的代理,所以重点来看InvokeProxy和Main类。 Main类中有一行注释,生成的proxy可以对应静态代理中的proxy类,所以用如下方法将此类名打印出来,

public class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Subject realSubject = new RealSubject();
        InvokeProxy invokeProxy = new InvokeProxy(realSubject);
        Subject proxy = (Subject)Proxy.newProxyInstance(Subject.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {Subject.class}, invokeProxy);//此处 Proxy对比静态代理类中的proxy
        System.out.println(proxy.getClass().getName());
        proxy.sayHelloWorld();
    }
}

输出的是一个"$Proxy0"的类,很明显这个类并不是代码中写的,是Java自己生成的。 所以来分析一下Proxy.newProxyInstance()函数,去看Proxy源码,额由于源码过长,这里精简一下。

public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader classLoader, Class<?>[] interfaces, InvokcationHandler h){
    //所有要实现的业务接口
    final Class<?> intfs = interfaces.clone();

    //寻找(从缓存中)或者生成代理类
    Class<?> cl = getProxy(loader, intfs);

    //通过Class获取Consturctor
    Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);

    //通过Constructor返回代理类
    return cons.newInstance(new Objcer[] {h});
}

下面来看一下生成字节码文件的代码

//不是太想贴,精简一下吧,一方面是因为懒,另一方面是没看太懂
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>... interfaces){
    //如果缓存里面有,去缓存里面取,没有就生成,下面是生成的代码
    String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
    byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
                    proxyName, interfaces);
    //前面已经知道了类名叫"$Proxy0",所以下面直接得到这个class文件吧

}
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.io.*;
import sun.misc.ProxyGenerator;

public class GetProxy{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        Subject subject = new RealSubject();
        InvokeProxy invokeProxy = new InvokeProxy(subject);
        Subject proxy = (Subject)Proxy.newProxyInstance(Subject.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {Subject.class}, invokeProxy);

        byte[] bytes = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("$Proxy0", new Class[] {Subject.class});

        File file = new File("/home/cat/Desktop/$Proxy0.class");
        FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file);
        output.write(bytes);
        output.flush();
    }
}

得到$Proxy0类之后,反编译看一下(什么,你问我怎么反编译,拖到IDEA里就可以了),贴代码了

public final class $Proxy0
  extends Proxy
  implements Subject
{
  private static Method m1;
  private static Method m2;
  private static Method m3;
  private static Method m0;
  
  public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
  {
    super(paramInvocationHandler);
  }
  
  public final boolean equals(Object paramObject)
  {
    try
    {
      return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
    }
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
    {
      throw localError;
    }
    catch (Throwable localThrowable)
    {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
    }
  }
  
  public final String toString()
  {
    try
    {
      return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
    }
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
    {
      throw localError;
    }
    catch (Throwable localThrowable)
    {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
    }
  }
  
  public final void sayHelloWorld()
  {
    try
    {
      this.h.invoke(this, m3, null);
      return;
    }
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
    {
      throw localError;
    }
    catch (Throwable localThrowable)
    {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
    }
  }
  
  public final int hashCode()
  {
    try
    {
      return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
    }
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
    {
      throw localError;
    }
    catch (Throwable localThrowable)
    {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
    }
  }
  
  static
  {
    try
    {
      m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
      m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
      m3 = Class.forName("Subject").getMethod("sayHelloWorld", new Class[0]);
      m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
      return;
    }
    catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException)
    {
      throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException)
    {
      throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

重点看SayHelloWorld方法

  m3 = Class.forName("Subject").getMethod("sayHelloWorld", new Class[0]);
  public final void sayHelloWorld()
  {
    try
    {
      this.h.invoke(this, m3, null);
      return;
    }
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
    {
      throw localError;
    }
    catch (Throwable localThrowable)
    {
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
    }
  }

可知调用了InvokeProxy.invoke($Proxy0, m3, null),回到InvokeProxy类。